Only if there is so much of it that even strong new growth cannot penetrate it. So, I doubt it.

doesn't in my garden. But I don't have a dense clump of lesser celandine.

Get rid before it goes to seed if you can. They shoot their seeds quite a distance when its ripe and then they spread everywhere.. I now have more of them than I know what to do with, ( many hundreds) though they do make the lawn look pretty...