Yes. Just think of all the other highly poisonous plants that find their way into the compost... foxgloves, yew leaves, potato and tomato leaves, pepper plants (most of the solanum family is poisonous.)
Once something has rotted down in the compost heap, you are left with carbon and water. Even if you covered the ground with a six inch mulch of unrotted arum leaves and planted cabbages through it, the cabbages would still be completely edible as they wouldn't absorb any of the plant toxins.
(Though I might not try the latter idea as an experiment!)