I don't know what size a whisky barrel is, but yes, I've grown Wisteria in a large pot (about 18"/20" tall) and kept it as a standard.

A whole whisky barrel would be better. If it is a decorative barrel rather than a genuine one it might be a bit on the small side.

A genuine half barrel should be big enough, but after a few years, as with anything in a pot, you'll be chasing the water level every day in the summer